REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE on the application of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and o...

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 2.6.2025 COM(2025) 268 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE on the application of Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (recast) {SWD(2025) 135 final} EN EN 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (recast)1, hereafter ‘the Regulation’, is indisputably the backbone of EU private international law. It lays down uniform rules to settle conflicts of jurisdiction and sets the standard for the free circulation of judgments, authentic instruments, and court settlements in the European Union with the ultimate aim of facilitating access to justice in all areas of civil and commercial law outside the realm of family, succession, and insolvency law. It repealed and replaced Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters2 (‘the Brussels I Regulation’). The Regulation has to a large extent confirmed and reinforced the provisions of its predecessor, but has also introduced relevant novelties, such as the abolition of...